生理学 词汇
A暗适应Dark adaptation暗视觉Scotopic visionB被动转运Passive transport白细胞Leukocyte背侧呼吸组dors
| A | |
| 暗适应 | Dark adaptation |
| 暗视觉 | Scotopic vision |
| B | |
| 被动转运 | Passive transport |
| 白细胞 | Leukocyte |
| 背侧呼吸组 | dorsal respiratory group |
| 搏功 | Stroke work |
| 变力作用 | Inotropic action |
| 变时作用 | Chronotropic action |
| 变传导作用 | Dromtropic action |
| 比顺应性 | Specific compliance |
| 补吸气量 | Inspiratoryreserve volume |
| 补呼气量 | Expiratory reserve volume |
| 不完全强直收缩 | Incomplete tetanus |
| 不感蒸发（不显汗） | Insensible perpiration |
| 编码（作用） | Encoding |
| 边缘系统 | Babinski’s sign |
| 巴彬斯基征 | Limbic system |
| α波阻断 | α-boock |
| C | |
| 出胞 | Exocytosis |
| 出血时间 | Bleeding time |
| 刺激 | Stimulus |
| 超常期 | Supranormal period |
| 超极化 | Hyperpolarization |
| 超速驱动压抑 | Overdrive suppression |
| 初长度 | Initial length |
| 促红细胞生成素 | Erythropoietin,EPO |
| 促胰液素 | Secretin |
| 促甲状腺激素 | Thyroid stimulating hormone,TSH |
| 促甲状腺激素释放激素 | Thyrotropin-releaxing hormone,TRH |
| 促性腺激素释放激素 | Gonadotropin-releasing hormone,GnRH |
| 促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素 | Corticotropin-releasing hormone,CRH |
| 促肾上腺皮质激素 | Adrenocorticotropin,ACTH |
| 促阿片-黑素细胞皮质素原（阿黑皮素原） | Pro-opiomelanocrtin,POMC |
| 长度-张力曲线 | Length-tension curve |
| 长时性记忆 | Long term memory |
| 长时程增强 | Long-term potentiation |
| 充盈期（相） | filling period(phase) |
| 充盈压 | Filling pressure |
| 层流 | Laminar flow |
| 湍流 | Turbulence |
| 潮气量 | Tidal volume |
| 肠抑胃素 | Enterogastrone |
| 肠-胃反射 | Enterogastric reflex |
| 肠致活酶 | Enterokinase |
| 产热 | Production of heat |
| 传导 | Conduction |
| 传递蛋白 | Transducin |
| 传入侧支性抑制 | Afferent collateral inhibition |
| 窗孔结构 | Fenestration |
| 重吸收 | Reabsoption |
| 操作条件反射 | Operate conditioned reflex |
| 催产素 | Oxytocin,OXT |
| 催乳素 | Prolactin,PRL |
| 雌二醇 | Estradiol,E 2 |
| D | |
| 单纯扩散 | Simple diffusion |
| 单收缩 | Single twitch |
| 单位平滑肌 | Single-unit smooth muscle |
| 单核细胞 | Monocyte |
| 电-化学势 | Electro-chemical potential |
| 电压门控通道 | Voltage-gated channel |
| 电压钳 | Voltage clamp |
| 电紧张性扩布 | Electrotonic propagation |
| 电突触 | Electric synapse |
| 第二信使 | Second messenger |
| 低常期 | Subnormal period |
| 动作电位 | Action potential |
| 动脉血压 | Arterial blood pressure |
| 动脉脉搏 | Atrerial pulse |
| 动-静脉吻合支 | Arteriovenous anastomosis |
| 动毛 | Kinocilium |
| 等长收缩 | Isometric contraction |
| 等张收缩 | Isotonic contraction |
| 等容收缩期 | Isovolumic systole |
| 等容舒张期 | Isovolumic diastole |
| 多单位平滑肌 | Multi-unit smooth muscle |
| 定向祖细胞 | Committed progenitors |
| 定比重吸收 | Constant fraction reabsorption |
| 代偿性间歇 | Compensatory pause |
| 代谢 | Metabolism |
| 端压 | End pressrure |
| 胆囊收缩素 | Cholecystokinin(CCK) |
| 胆盐 | Bile salt |
| 胆盐的肠肝循环 | Enterohepatic circulation of bile salt |
| 对流 | Convection |
| 毒蕈碱受体 | Muscarinic receptor |
| 短时性记忆 | Short term memory |
| 蛋白激酶C | Protein kinase C,PKC |
| E | |
| 二酰油 | Diacyl glycerol |
| 二氧化碳解离曲线 | Carbon dioxide dissociation curve |
| F | |
| 反馈 | Feedback |
| 反射弧 | Rdflex arc |
| 锋电位 | Spike potential |
| 房室延搁 | Atrioventricular delay |
| 非自律细胞 | Non-rhythmic cell |
| 非蛋白呼吸商 | Non-protein respiratory quotient,NPRQ |
| 非突触性化学传递 | Non-synaptic chemical transmission |
| 非特异投射系统 | Nonspecific projection system |
| 非联合型学习 | Non-associative learning |
| 复活 | Reactivqtion |
| 肺循环 | Pulmonary circulation |
| 肺通气 | Pulmonary ventilation |
| 肺内压 | Intrapulmonary pressure |
| 肺泡表面活性物质 | Alveolar surfactant |
| 肺活量 | Vital capacity |
| 肺总量 | Total lung capacity |
| 肺泡通气量 | Alveolar ventilation |
| 肺扩散容量 | Pulmonary diffusion capacity |
| 肺牵张反射 | Pulmonary stretch reflex |
| 腹式呼吸 | Abdominal breathing |
| 腹侧呼吸组 | Ventral respiratory group |
| 分节运动 | Segmentation contraction |
| 放能反应 | Exergonic reaction |
| 辐射原则 | Divergence principle |
| 辐射 | Radiation |
| 发汗 | Sweating(perspiration) |
| 翻正反射 | Righting reflex |
| 防御反应区 | Defense zone |
| G | |
| 钙调蛋白 | Calmodulin |
| 肝素 | Heparin |
| 工作（心肌）细胞 | Working(cardiac)cell |
| 冠脉循环 | Coronary circulation |
| 功能余气量 | Functional residual volume |
| 管球反馈 | Tubuloglomerular feedback |
| 光适应 | Light adaptation |
| 感觉柱 | Sensory column |
| 感觉失语症 | Xensory aphasia |
| 感觉区 | Sensory area |
| 睾酮 | Testosterone,T |
| H | |
| 化学门控通道 | Chmically gated channel |
| 化学感受性反射 | Chemoreceptor rdflex |
| 化学感受器 | Chemoreceptor |
| 后电位 | Afterpotential |
| 后负荷 | Afterload |
| 后放 | Atfterdischarge |
| 河豚毒 | Tetrodotoxin |
| 横桥 | Cross bridge |
| 横桥联接 | Cross bridge attachment |
| 滑行学说 | Sliding theory |
| 红细胞 | Erythrocyte |
| 缓冲神经 | Buffer neerves |
| 呼吸 | Respiration |
| 呼气 | Expiration |
| 呼吸运动 | Respiratory movement |
| 呼吸困难 | Dysp(o)nea |
| 呼吸调节中枢 | Pneumotaxic center |
| 呼吸热量计 | Respiration calorimeter |
| 呼吸商 | Respiratory quotient |
| 回漏 | Back-leak |
| 回返性抑制 | Recurrent inhibition |
| 壶腹 | Ampulla |
| 海马环路 | Hippocmpal circuit |
| 黄体生成素 （间质细胞刺激素） | Luteinizing hormone,LH (interstitial cell stimulating hormone,ICSH) |
| 环-磷腺苷 | Cyclic AMP,cAMP |
| J | |
| 继发性主动转运 | Secondary active transport |
| 绝对不应期 | Absolute refractory period |
| 极化 | Polarization |
| 局部兴奋 | Local excitation |
| 局部神经元回路 | Local neuronal circuit |
| 局部回路神经元 | Local circuit neuron |
| 肌原纤维 | Myofibril |
| 肌小节 | Sarcomere |
| 肌凝蛋白（肌球蛋白） | Myosin |
| 肌纤蛋白（肌动蛋白） | Actin |
| 肌钙蛋白（原宁蛋白） | Tropnin |
| 肌紧张 | Muscle tonus |
| 肌梭 | Muscle spindle |
| 集落刺激因子 | Colonystimulating factor,CSF |
| 浆细胞 | Plasma cell |
| 巨核细胞 | Megakaryocytes |
| 交叉配血试验 | Cross-match test |
| 交换血管 | Exchange vessel |
| 交互性突触 | Reciprocal synapse |
| 静息心指数 | Resting cardiac index |
| 静息张力 | Resting tension |
| 静脉回心血量 | Venous return |
| 静毛 | Stereocilia |
| 激肽释放酶-激肽系统 | Kallikrein-kinin system |
| 激素 | Hormone |
| 解剖无效腔 | Anatomical dead space |
| 基本电节律 | Basic electrical rhythm |
| 基础代谢 | Basal metabolic rate |
| 基础代谢率 | Basal metabolic rate |
| 假饲 | Sham-feeding |
| 假怒 | Sham rage |
| 菊粉 | Inulin |
| 简化眼 | Reduced eye |
| 聚合原则 | Convergence principle |
| 脊休克 | Spinal shock |
| 甲状腺素（四碘甲腺原氨酸） | Thyroxin,3,5,3’,5’-tetraiodlthyronine,T 4 |
| 甲状腺球蛋白 | Thyroglobulin,TG |
| 甲状腺素结合球蛋白 | Thyroxine-binding globulin,TBG |
| 甲状旁腺激素 | Parathyroid hormone,PTH |
| 降钙素 | Calcitomin,CT |
| 焦度 | Diopter |
| K | |
| 跨膜信号传递 | Transmembrane signaling |
| 跨膜信号转换 | Transmembrane signal transduction |
| 跨膜静息电位 | Transmembrane reating potential |
| 快速（即早）基因 | Immediate-early gene |
| 快速射血期（相） | Rapid ejection period(phase) |
| 快痛 | Fast pain |
| 空间性总和 | Spitial summation |
| 抗凝物质 | Anticoagulant |
| 抗利尿激素 | Antidiuretic hormone |
| 可感蒸发 | Sensible perspiration |
| L | |
| 酪氨酸蛋白激酶受体 | Tyrosine kinase receptor |
| 量子式释放 | Quantal release |
| 粒细胞 | Granulocyte |
| 淋巴细胞 | Lymphocyte |
| 淋巴液 | Lymph |
| 冷敏神经元 | Cold-sensitive neuron |
| 滤过 | Filtration |
| 滤过裂孔隙 | Filtration slit membrane |
| 联合型学习 | Associative learning |
| 裂脑 | Split brain |
| 卵泡刺激素 | Follicle-stimulating hormone,FSH |
| M | |
| 膜片钳 | Patch clamp |
| 每搏输出量 | Stroke volume |
| 每分功（心脏） | Minute work(heart) |
| 每分输出量 | Minute volume(heart) |
| 每分通气量 | Minute ventilation volume |
| 脉搏压 | Pulse pressure |
| 毛细血管前阻力 | Precapillary resistance |
| 毛细血管后阻力 | Postcapillary resistance |
| 毛细血管前括约肌 | Precapillary sphincter |
| 毛细血管 | Capillary |
| 慢痛 | Slow pain |
| 慢波睡眠 | Slow wave sleep |
| N | |
| 内环境 | Internal environment |
| 内因子 | Inintrinsic factor |
| 内源性激活途径 | Intrinsic route |
| 内皮舒张因子 | Endothelium-derived relaxing factor(EDRF) |
| 内皮缩血管因子 | Endothlium-derived vasoconstrictor factor(EDCF) |
| 内皮素 | Endothelin |
| 内脏痛 | Visceral pain |
| 钠泵 | Sodium pump |
| 鸟苷酸结合蛋白（G-蛋白） | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein(G-protein) |
| 凝血因子 | Blood clotting factors |
| 凝血酶 | Thrombin |
| 凝集原 | Agglutinogen |
| 凝集素 | Agglutinin |
| 粘滞度 | Viscosity |
| 粘液 | Mucus |
| 粘液-碳酸氢盐屏障 | Mucus-bicarbonate barrier |
| 脑缺血反应 | Brain ischemia response |
| 脑循环 | Cerbral circulation |
| 脑脊液 | Cerebrospinal fluid |
| 脑电图 | Electroencephalogram,EEG |
| 能量代谢 | Energy metabolism |
| 逆向转运 | Antiport |
| 逆向转运体（交换体） | Antiporter(exchanger) |
| 逆行性遗忘症 | Retrograde amnesia |
| 囊斑 | Macula |
| O | |
| 呕吐 | vomiting |
| P | |
| 坪（平台） | plateau |
| 泊隶叶定律 | Poiseuilli’s law |
| 平静呼吸 | Eupn(o)ea (quiet breathing) |
| 排便 | Defecation |
| 排尿 | Micturition |
| 排尿欲 | Micturition desire |
| 排卵 | Ovulation |
| 皮肤温度 | Skin temperature |
| 皮质醇 | Cortisol |
| 皮质类固醇结合球蛋白 | Corticosteroid-binding globulin,CBG |
| 旁锥体系 | Parapyramidal system |
| 旁分泌 | Paracrine |
| Q | |
| 前馈 | Feed-forward |
| 前负荷 | Preload |
| 前体细胞 | Precursors |
| 前裂腺素 | Prostaglandin,PG |
| 去极化（除极） | Depolarzation |
| 去大脑僵直 | Decerebrate rigidity |
| 去皮层僵直 | Decorticate rigidity |
| 去甲肾上腺素 | Norepinephrine,NE |
| “全或无”现象 | “all or none”phenomenon |
| 期前收缩（期外收缩） | Premature systole(extrasystole) |
| 起搏电流 | Pacemaker current |
| 气胸 | Pneumothorax |
| 气道阻力 | Airway resistance |
| 气体交换 | Gas eschange |
| 气体扩散速率 | Diffusion rate of gas |
| 球管平衡 | Glomerulotubular balance |
| 醛固酮诱导蛋白 | Aldosterone-induced protein |
| 醛固酮 | Aldosterone |
| 曲张体 | Varicosity |
| 牵涉痛 | Referred pain |
| 牵张反射 | Stretch reflex |
| 屈肌反射 | Flexor reflex |
| R | |
| 热价 | Thermal equivalent |
| 热喘呼吸 | Panting |
| 热敏神经元 | Warm-sensitive neuron |
| 人白细胞抗原 | Human leudocyte antigen,HLA |
| 人绒毛膜促性腺激素 | Human chorionic gonadotropin,HCG |
| 入胞 | Endocytosis |
| 容量血管 | Capacitance vessel |
| 容量感受器 | Volume receptor |
| 蠕动 | Peristalsis |
| 绒毛 | Vullus |
| 绒毛收缩素 | Villikinin |
| 乳糜微粒 | Chylomicron |
| 闰绍细胞 | Renshaw cell |
| S | |
| 上行运动神经元麻痹 | Upper motorneuron paralysis |
| 上行抑制系统 | Ascenging inhibitory system |
| 神经垂体激素运载蛋白 | Neurophysin |
| 神经调节 | Neuroregulation |
| 神经递质 | Neurotransmitter |
| 神经激素 | Neurohormone |
| 神经分泌 | Neurocrine |
| 三磷酸肌醇 | Inositol triphosphate |
| 三碘甲腺原氨酸 | 3,5,3’-triiodothyronine,T 3 |
| α受体 | α-receptor |
| β受体 | β-receptor |
| 时间性总和 | Tempoal summation |
| 时间肺活量 | Timed vital capacity |
| 四乙基铵 | Tetraethylammonium |
| 输血 | Blood transfusion |
| 嗜酸性粒细胞 | Eosnophils |
| 嗜碱性粒细胞 | Basophils |
| 射血分数 | Ejection fraction |
| 射血期（相） | Ejection period(phase) |
| 收缩能力（肌） | Contractility |
| 收缩（心缩期） | Systole |
| 收缩压 | Systolic pressure |
| 舒张压 | Diastolic pressure |
| 舒张（心舒）期 | Diastole |
| 舒血管纤维 | Vasodilator fiber |
| 水肿 | Edema |
| 水利尿 | Water diuresis |
| 缩血管神经纤维 | Vasoconstrictor fiber |
| 肾素-血管紧张素系统 | Renin-angiotensin sysem |
| 肾血流量 | Renal blood flow |
| 肾小球滤过率 | Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system |
| 肾血浆流量 | Renal plasma flow |
| 肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统 | Renin-angiotensig-aldosterone system |
| 肾上腺素 | Epinephrine,E |
| 渗透浓度 | Osmolality |
| 渗透性利尿 | Osmotic diuresis |
| 顺应性 | Compliance |
| 顺向性遗忘症 | Anterograde ameesia |
| 深吸气量 | Inspiratory capacity |
| 生理无效腔 | Physiological dead space |
| 生长抑素 | Growth hormone release-inhibiting hormone GHRIH |
| 生物节律 | Biorhythm |
| 生长素 | Growth hormone,GH |
| 生长介素 | Somatomedin,SM |
| 生长素释放激素 | Growth hormone releasing hormone,GHRH |
| 生殖 | Reproduction |
| 升压素 | Vasopressin,VP |
| 食团 | Bolus |
| 食管-胃括约肌 | Esophageal-gastric sphincter |
| 食糜 | Chyme |
| 食物的特殊动力作用 | Specific dynamic action |
| 散热 | Loss of heat |
| 适宜刺激 | Adequate stimulus |
| 适应（感觉器） | Adaptation |
| 视敏度 | Visual acuity |
| 视杆细胞 | Rod |
| 视锥细胞 | Cone |
| 视紫红质 | Rhodopsin |
| 视蛋白 | opsin |
| 视黄醛 | Retinal |
| 视野 | Visual field |
| 视网膜电图 | Elecrtoretinogram |
| 树突-树突型抑制 | Dendrodendrtic inhibition |
| 梭内肌纤维 | Intrafusal fiber |
| 梭外肌纤维 | Extrafuxla fiber |
| 失活 | Inactivation |
| 失写症 | Agraphia |
| 失读症 | Alexia |
| 失用症 | Apraxia |
| T | |
| 褪黑素 | melatonin |
| 体液调节 | Humoral regulation |
| 体温 | Body temperature |
| 体表面积 | Body surface area |
| 通透性 | Permeability |
| 通气/血流比值 | Ventlation-perfusion ratio |
| 通血毛细血管 | Preferential channel |
| 吞饮 | Pinocytosis |
| 跳跃式传导 | Saltatory conduction |
| 调定点 | Set point |
| 调质 | Modulator |
| 条件反射 | Conditioned reflex |
| 碳酸酐酶 | Carbonic angydrase |
| 突触小体 | Synaptic knob,synaptic bouton |
| 突触前受体 | Presynaptic receptor |
| 突触后抑制 | Postsynaptic inhibition |
| 突触前抑制 | Presynaptic inhibition |
| 特异投射系统 | Specific projection system |
| W | |
| 稳态 | homeostasis |
| 完全强直收缩 | Complete tetanus |
| 外源性激活途径 | Extrinsic route |
| 外周阻力 | Peripheral resistance |
| 外周静脉压 | Peripheral venous pressure |
| 外周化学感受器 | Peripheral chemoreceptor |
| 微循环 | Microcirculation |
| 微胶粒 | Micelle |
| 微绒毛 | Microvilli |
| 微音器电位 | Microphonic potential |
| 胃蛋白酶原 | Pepsinogen |
| 胃动素 | Motilin |
| 胃排空 | Gastric empty |
| 网状结构上行激动系统 | Ascending reticular activating system |
| 位置性眼震颤 | Positional nystagmus |
| 舞蹈病 | Chorea |
| X | |
| 性激素结合球蛋白 | Sex hormone-binding globulin,SHBG |
| 雄激素结合蛋白 | Androgen binding protein,ABP |
| 信号系统学说 | Signal system theory |
| 效应器酶（膜） | Effector enzyme |
| 腺苷酸环化酶 | Adenylate cyclase |
| 细胞间通道 | Intercellular channel |
| 兴奋性 | Excitability |
| 兴奋 | Excitation |
| 兴奋-收缩耦联 | Excitation-contraction coupling |
| 兴奋性突触后电位 | Excitatory postsynaptic potential |
| 相对不应期 | Relative refractory period |
| Rh血型系统 | Rh system |
| 血量 |
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