Cancer

How does cancer happen?

  Initiation

  Promotion

  Progression

Causes

  Genetics

  Viruses

  Failure of immunosurveillance

Risk factors

  Air pollution

  Tobacco

  Alcohol

  Sexual and reproductive behavior

  Occupation

  Ultraviolet radiation

  Ionizing radiation

  Hormones

  Diet

Pathophysiologic changes

  Cell growth

  Differentiation

  Intracellular changes

  Tumor development and growth

  Spread of cancer

Signs and symptoms

  Fatigue

  Cachexia

  Pain

  Anemia

  Leukopenia and thrombocytopenia

  Infection

Diagnosis

  Screening tests

  Diagnosis by imaging

  Endoscopy

  Biopsy