有机物相关

WordDefinitionTopicaddition polymerAddition polymers are made when monomers (simple molecules) add together across a double bond.Useful products from oiladdition reactionA reaction in which a small molecule adds on across a double bond.Useful products from oilalkanesAlkanes are saturated hydrocarbons. This means that each carbon atom has four bonds to other atoms.Useful products from oilalkenesAlkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with a double bond between the carbon atoms.Useful products from oilatomAll elements are made of atoms. An atom consists of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons.Useful products from oilboiling pointThe temperature at which a liquid changes its state to gas.Useful products from oilcapillarityCapillarity is the movement of liquid through narrow tubes as a result of surface forces.Useful products from oilcatalystA catalyst changes the rate of a chemical reaction without being changed by the reaction itself.Useful products from oilcombustionCombustion is the process of burning by fire.Useful products from oilcompoundsSubstances formed by the chemical union (involving bond formation) of two or more elements..Useful products from oilcondensationCondensation is a change of state in which gas becomes liquid by cooling.Useful products from oilcovalent bondA covalent bond between atoms forms when atoms share electrons to achieve a full outer shell of electrons.Useful products from oilcrackingCracking is the breaking down of large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller, more useful hydrocarbon molecules by vapourizing them and passing them over a hot catalyst.Useful products from oilcrude oilCrude oil is formed from the remains of small animals and plants that died and fell to the bottom of the sea. Their remains were covered by mud. As the sediment was buried by more sediment, it started to change into rock as the temperature and pressure increased. The plant animal remains were "cooked" by this process and changed into crude oil.Useful products from oildecompositionA reaction in which substances are broken down, by heat, electrolysis or a catalyst.Useful products from oildistillationDistillation is when we make a liquid evaporate and then condense the vapour back to a purer liquid.Useful products from oildouble bondA double bond is a covalent bond resulting from the sharing of four electrons (two pairs) between two atoms.Useful products from oilevaporateEvaporation is a change in state in which a liquid becomes a gas (vapour); molecules near the surface of a liquid may leave the liquid to become a vapour.Useful products from oilformulaA formula is a combination of symbols that indicates the chemical composition of a substance.Useful products from oilfossil fuelsFossil fuels have been created over millions of years by the decay and compression of living things, particularly plants. Coal, gas and oil are fossil fuels.Useful products from oilfractional distillationIn fractional distillation a mixture of several substances, such as crude oil, is distilled and the evaporated components are collected as they condense at different temperatures.Useful products from oilhydrocarbonsHydrocarbons are a group of compounds which contain the elements hydrogen and carbon.Useful products from oilmolecular compoundA molecular compound is made up of at least two different elements, which share electrons to form covalent bonds.Useful products from oilmoleculeA molecule is a collection of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. It is the smallest part of a substance that displays the properties of the substance.Useful products from oilmonomerA monomer is a simple molecule.Useful products from oilnatural gasNatural gas is a fossil fuel formed from decaying plant and animal material.Useful products from oiloxidationOxidation is a reaction in which oxygen combines with a substance. Oxidation also means a loss of electrons.Useful products from oilpermeablePermeable materials have tiny spaces in that allow some substances (such as oil and water) to pass through.Useful products from oilpolymerA polymer is a large molecule formed from many identical smaller molecules (monomers).Useful products from oilpolymerisePolymerisation is the reaction in which many identical monomers are joined together to make a polymer.Useful products from oilproductA product is a substance formed in a chemical reaction.Useful products from oilsaturatedFilled to capacity. In a saturated hydrocarbon there are no more available bonds.Useful products from oilsedimentary rocksSedimentary rocks are formed when rock fragments are deposited and pressed together.Useful products from oilthermal decompositionA reaction in which substances are broken down by heat.Useful products from oilunsaturatedAn unsaturated compound contains at least one double or triple bond.Useful products from oilvapourizedTurned (generally through heating) into vapour. Vapour is a cloud of liquid particles. Steam is water vapour.Useful products from oilvapourVapour is a cloud of liquid particles. Steam is water vapour.Useful products from oil