Transwell Chemotaxis

Numerous and diverse biological functions are regulated by chemokines. In addition to the well characterized proinflammatory activities such as integrin activation, chemotaxis, lipid mediator biosynthesis, superoxide radical production, and granule enzyme release (reviewed in refs. 1 –4 ), chemokines have been shown to suppress and stimulate angiogenesis (5 –7 ), suppress hematopoiesis (8 –10 ), suppress apoptosis (11 ), control viral infection (12 ,13 ), and effect leukocyte differentiation (14 ). Among the proinflammatory activities, chemotaxis in particular has received considerable attention as a target for novel antiinflammatory therapeutics (reviewed in ref. 15 ).